Green hydrogen and biofuels are emerging as strategic pillars for energy security.
The National Green Hydrogen Mission (launched 2023) aims for 5 million tonnes per year by 2030, requiring roughly 125 GW of new renewable power for electrolysis. Innovation is needed to cut electrolyser costs, improve hydrogen storage and transport, and develop applications (e.g. steelmaking, refineries, heavy-duty transport). India is also scaling biofuels: ethanol blending in petrol, biodiesel, green ammonia and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) are growing rapidly. Research into advanced biofuels (from algae or agricultural waste) and solar-to-liquid synthetic fuels will complement the hydrogen strategy. Through collaborative R&D and policy forums, ESOI helps bridge the gap from laboratory innovation to large-scale projects, advancing self-reliant fuel solutions that reduce oil import dependence.